Discussion Question

Is the turing test a valid test of intellegence? Why or why not?

1.) I do not think that the turing test is a valid way to determine whether someone is intellegent because there are many different aspects that lead up to something like that. For example you cant just give someone a few questions and according to that you decide whether or not they are intellegence. Deciding something like that would take many years. You cant compare a human to a machine. they are both completely different and therefore cant be jugded the same. it just wouldnt be fair. I think that this test should not be a predictor of a humans intellegence but instead a person should just be used in order to determine the computers level of intellegence.
2.) List several mental tasks that people do better than computers. List several mental tasks that computers do better than people. Can you find any general characteristcs that distinguish the items of the two lists.
Computers:
- Computers are usually more accurate in mathmatics.
- More organization.
Humans:
-They are much more reliable than computers.
- Humans are more intellectual thinkers than computers are.

Discussion Question

You are planning on starting your own business selling clothes . Discuss the pros and cons for staring an e- business.

Starting your own e-business has many pros and cons. Some of the cons that may arise with a job like this would be not enough advertisement. By this, I mean that the business may not be announced enough with may not give you all the sales that people would hope for. Another con may be that in general it just may not be as successful as someone may had hoped. there are many things that can affect. Also, when you start your own business, you have to go through many different technical aspect which can be very difficult to start.

But there are also some pros to it all. One may be that this business can be so successful that becomes a world wide known company.

Discussion Question

If someone discovers a cure for the common cold, ,should he or she hide it to protect the jobs of all the people who work in the huge cold-medicine industry? Identify reasons why so many people react negatively to advances in technology that eliminates some jobs.

I dont think that it would be right for someone to hide it because the health and well being of others is much more important. That would mean that many people would now loose their jobs, but instead they can work on the manufacturing part of the medicine if they really cant find another job.

It wouldnt be fair to all those sick suffering people. you can keep something like that away from them just because people worry about loosing their jobs.

i think that one of the main reason that people react negatively to the advances in technology is because they fear that they will possibly loose their jobs. and for some people, their jobs are their lives. Overall i think it would be very unfair to keep something like a cure for a sickness away from the people who really need it.

Discussion Questions

1. Do computers increase or decrease efficiency? Explain. I feel that under many circumstances computers increase efficiency in so many different ways. Some of the ways that it increase would be that it allows people to communicate in a much easier way. Instead of having to send emails and what for replies people can now easily do video-confferencing. It allows people to communicate in a much faster and easier way. You would not have to wait for someone to reply to an urgent message. 2. What are some of the fears generated by the use of tech/computers in the work place? Some of the fears that may be generated by the use of computers in the work place would be lack of security. When you are working on computers in a public business place, you dont always have the security that you would normally have if it were a computer in your own home. Another fear that may be generated may be the lack of control. When using someone else's computer, you dont always have the acessibility on that computer as you would if it were your own. 3. List three jobs/skills that have become obsolete in the 21st century and 3 jobs/skills that have taken their place. Some of the jobs that have become obsolete now would be travel agency, now people do not use these at all. If you need to book an airline ticket, all you need to do book the ticket online. Another job would blacksmith. No people just use computerized machines to do the job for them. One other job would a lamp lighter. Instead of having someone light the street lamps, it automatically goes off simply by setting up a timer specific on the computer.

Discussion Question

Descibe 10 different to-level domains:
.com/commercial
.org/organization
.edu/ education
.gov/governmental
.net/network
.int/International organizations
.mil/U.S military
.tel/internet communication services
. jobs/companies
.pro/professions

Chapter 8: Notes

GPS: Global positioning system

- A specialized netowork developed by US Department of Defense.

-A network interface card (NIC) permits direct network connection.

--> adds an additional serial port to the computer.

-Modem: a hardware device that connects a computers serial port to a telephone line,,,

-the modem converts the digital signals to analog so that the message can transmitted through telephone.

Broadband Connection: a connection with much greater bandwidth than modems have.

DSL uses standard phone lines.

DSL and cable modems have nowhere near the bandwidth of the fiber optic cables that are replacing copper wires.

the fastest growing wirelss LAN technology is know as Wi-Fi.

Bluetooth: named by a danish king.

-overcomes differencs between mobile phines handheld computers.

-with bluetooth its possible to create a personal area network (PAN)

Network operating system(NOS)

system handles communications among many workstations.

Networks are used to share information and is more efficient.

Enables people to workd togethers in ways which are not difficult or expensive.

Discussion Question

Suppose you have an important message to send to a friend in another city, and you can use the telephone, email, real-time teleconference, fax, or overnight mail service. Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of each. See if you can think of a situation for each of the five options in which that particular option is the most appropriate choice.

A situation that would require me to use the telephone, would be calling someone over-seas. The reason why a phone would be the best choice is because there may not be an accessible computer at the time or there might not be internet connection. Because of the fact that there may not be a computer, email, teleconference, and fax are not reasonable choices. A situation that would require email would be talking to a teacher or even simply sending something to a friend. Fax and real-time teleconference would best be used in businesses situations. Co-workers would be able to discuss important issues together without having to actually be in the same location at the same time. This also makes it easier to get work done quicker. Through fax people would be able to send important information to each other without having to go through the trouble of getting it there at that moment. Another option for sending something would be through overnight mail service. but that may not be the most practical considering how expensive it may get at times. Overall, all these choices have there own situations in which they would best be used.

S

Discussion Question

What have you done this week that directly or indirectly involved a database? How would your week have been different in a world without databases?
This week I used Google, which is considered to be a database. My week would have been very difficult considering that i used it almost everyday this week. Almost all of the research papers and other homework assignments given require us to use a database such as Google. Whether we have to research for an essay, or we need help with homework we almost always need to use a database.

Chapter 7: Review Questions

2.) What is the difference between a file manager and a database management system? How are they similar?
- A database "is a program or system of programs that can manipulate data in a large collection of files", while a file manager " is sufficient for mailing lists and other common data management applications." For larger and more comlex jobs, it is more reliable to use a database.
4.) What is a query? Give examples of the kinds of questions that might be answered with a query.
- A query is an information request. Ex: -Are there differenet types of queries?
7.) What does it mean to sort a data file?
- To sort a data files means to organize the database, in order to keep everything running properly.
9.) Describe how record matching is used to obtain information about you. Give an example.
-Record matching is used to find out information about you. For example, if you are located in more than one database then record matching would be able to pull out all your information through the database.

Chapter 6: Graphics, Digital Media, and multimedia.

Question 1: What's the differece between graphics, digital media, and multimedia?
Question 2: What is the defination of Bitmapped Graphics?
-Is a type of memory organization or image file format used to store digital image.
Question 3: What is the defination of pixels, resolution, and color depth, palette, and bitmapped graphics?
-(Pixels)Is a single point in a raster image. (color depth)the number of bits used to represent the color of a single pixerl in a bitmapped image.
Question 4? What does the photo management software do to an image, and how do we benefit from it?
Question 5: what is the defination of vector graphics and object-oriented, and is there a difference between the two?
-Data structures consiting of data fields. is the use of geometric primitive such lines, points, curves, and shapes, which represent images in computer graphics.
Question 6: What is the difference between drawing and painting modules?
Question 7: What is the difference between CAM, CAD, CIM and what are the advantages and disadvantages?
-(CAM)A rotating or sliding pience in a mechanical linkage used especially in tranforming rotary motion.(CAD)The use of computer software to control machine tools and related machinery.
Tim Berners:-
-Born in London in 1955
- Wanted to create an open-ended distributed hypertext system with no boundaries
-invented the World Wide Web
-Now he works at MIT
- Leads the World Wide Web Consortuim (W3C)

Painting Software:
- paints pixels on the screen with a pointing device.
- Pointer movements are changed into lines and patterns on the screen.
-Stores an image at 300 dots per inch or higher.
pixels: tiny dots of white, black, or color that make up images on the screen.
palette: of tools mimics real-world painting tools.

• also contains other tools that are unique to computers.

Bitmapped graphics: (or raster graphics) pictures that show how the pixels are mapped on the screen.
Color depth: the number of bits devoted to each pixel
Resolution: the density of the pixels.
Image Processing: Photographic editing by computer
-Allows the user to change photographs and other high resolution images with tools such a Adobe Photoshop.
-Much more powerful than traditional photo-retouching techniques

• Can distort and combine photos as demonstrated in the tabloids.
  
• Can create fabricated images that show no evidence of tampering.

Digital photo management software programs such as Apple iPhoto and Microsoft pictureIt! simplify and automate common tasks associated with capturing, organizing, editing, and sharing digital images.
Drawing: object-oriented graphics
-Drawing software stores a picture as a collection of lines and shapes. (called object-oriented or vector graphics).
-memory demands on storage are not as high as for bitmapped images.
- Many drawing tools-line, shape, and text tools -are similar to painting tools in bitmapped programs.
PostScript: a standard page-description language for describing text fonts, illuustrations and other elements of the printing page.

• Used be professional drawing programs such as Adobe Illustrator and Macromedia Freeehand.

Bitmapped painting gives you these advantages.
-More control over textures, shading, and fine detail
-Appropriate for screen displays, simulating natural paint media.
Some integrated programs contain both drawing and painting modules.
- allows you to choose the right tools for each job.
CAD/CAM: Turining pictures into products.
-Computer Aided design (CAD) software:
-Allows engineers, designers, and architecs to create designs on screen for products ranging from computer chips to public buildings.
- Can test product prototypes
- Cheaper, faster, and more accurate than traditional design-by-hand techniques.
Computer-Aided Manufacturing: is the process by which data related to the product design are fed into a program that controls the manufacturing of parts.
CIM refers to the combinations of CAM/CAD and is a major step toward a fully automated factory.
Presentation Graphics: Adds life to the lectures.
-Automates the creation of visual aids for lectures, traininig sessions, sales demonstrations, and other presentation.
-Creates slide shows directly on computer monitors or LCD projectors, including still images, animation, and video clips.
Dynamic Media: Beyond the printed page
- Each frame of computer based animation is a computer displays these frames in rapid succession.
-Tweening: Instead of drawing each frame by hand, the animator can create key frames and objects and use software to help fill in the gaps.
- Many video digitizers can import signals from television, videotapes, videotapes, video cameras, and other
Dynamic Media:

-Many video digitizers can import signals from televisions, videotapes, video cameras, and otehr sources.

Signals are displayed on the computer's screen in real time-at the same time they're created or imported.

-Digital video cameras capture footage in digital form.

-Digital video can be copied, edited, stored, and played back without any loss of quality.

-Digital video will soon replace analog video for most applications.

-today most video editing is done using nonlinear editing technology.

- Video editing software: such a Adobe Premiere, makes it east to eliminate extraneous footage, combine clips from multiple takes, splice together scenes, create specific effects and perform a variety of other activities.

- Morphs: are video clips in which one image changes into another.

Data Compression: software and hardware are used to squeeze data out of movies so that they can be stored in smaller spaces.

Audio Digitizer: captures sound and stores it as a data file.

Synthesizer: an electric instrument that synthesizes sounds using mathematical formulas.

MIDI(Musical Instrument Digital Interface): standard interface that allows electronic instruments and computuers to communicate with each other.

- music is digitized in audio CD's at a high sampling rate and bit depth-high enough that its hard to tell the difference between the original analog sound and the final digital recording.

Multimedia computers can control a variety of electronic musical instruments and sound sources using MIDI

-MIDI commands can be interpreted by a variety of :

--> Music Synthesizers

--> Samplers

- A pinao-style keyboard sends MIDI signals to the computer

--> Computers interprets the MIDI commands using sequencing software.

-Sequencing software turns a computer into a musical composing, recording, and editing machine

-Electronica-music designed from the ground up with digital technology.

- users authorizing programs such as HyperStudio and MetaCard.

- Binds source documnets together to communicate with users in an aesthetically pleasing way.

Virtual Reality: combines virtual worlds with networking.

- IT places multiple participants in a virtual space.

-people see representations of each other, sometimes called avatars.