Chapter 6: Graphics, Digital Media, and multimedia.

Question 1: What's the differece between graphics, digital media, and multimedia?
Question 2: What is the defination of Bitmapped Graphics?
-Is a type of memory organization or image file format used to store digital image.
Question 3: What is the defination of pixels, resolution, and color depth, palette, and bitmapped graphics?
-(Pixels)Is a single point in a raster image. (color depth)the number of bits used to represent the color of a single pixerl in a bitmapped image.
Question 4? What does the photo management software do to an image, and how do we benefit from it?
Question 5: what is the defination of vector graphics and object-oriented, and is there a difference between the two?
-Data structures consiting of data fields. is the use of geometric primitive such lines, points, curves, and shapes, which represent images in computer graphics.
Question 6: What is the difference between drawing and painting modules?
Question 7: What is the difference between CAM, CAD, CIM and what are the advantages and disadvantages?
-(CAM)A rotating or sliding pience in a mechanical linkage used especially in tranforming rotary motion.(CAD)The use of computer software to control machine tools and related machinery.
Tim Berners:-
-Born in London in 1955
- Wanted to create an open-ended distributed hypertext system with no boundaries
-invented the World Wide Web
-Now he works at MIT
- Leads the World Wide Web Consortuim (W3C)

Painting Software:
- paints pixels on the screen with a pointing device.
- Pointer movements are changed into lines and patterns on the screen.
-Stores an image at 300 dots per inch or higher.
pixels: tiny dots of white, black, or color that make up images on the screen.
palette: of tools mimics real-world painting tools.

• also contains other tools that are unique to computers.

Bitmapped graphics: (or raster graphics) pictures that show how the pixels are mapped on the screen.
Color depth: the number of bits devoted to each pixel
Resolution: the density of the pixels.
Image Processing: Photographic editing by computer
-Allows the user to change photographs and other high resolution images with tools such a Adobe Photoshop.
-Much more powerful than traditional photo-retouching techniques

• Can distort and combine photos as demonstrated in the tabloids.
  
• Can create fabricated images that show no evidence of tampering.

Digital photo management software programs such as Apple iPhoto and Microsoft pictureIt! simplify and automate common tasks associated with capturing, organizing, editing, and sharing digital images.
Drawing: object-oriented graphics
-Drawing software stores a picture as a collection of lines and shapes. (called object-oriented or vector graphics).
-memory demands on storage are not as high as for bitmapped images.
- Many drawing tools-line, shape, and text tools -are similar to painting tools in bitmapped programs.
PostScript: a standard page-description language for describing text fonts, illuustrations and other elements of the printing page.

• Used be professional drawing programs such as Adobe Illustrator and Macromedia Freeehand.

Bitmapped painting gives you these advantages.
-More control over textures, shading, and fine detail
-Appropriate for screen displays, simulating natural paint media.
Some integrated programs contain both drawing and painting modules.
- allows you to choose the right tools for each job.
CAD/CAM: Turining pictures into products.
-Computer Aided design (CAD) software:
-Allows engineers, designers, and architecs to create designs on screen for products ranging from computer chips to public buildings.
- Can test product prototypes
- Cheaper, faster, and more accurate than traditional design-by-hand techniques.
Computer-Aided Manufacturing: is the process by which data related to the product design are fed into a program that controls the manufacturing of parts.
CIM refers to the combinations of CAM/CAD and is a major step toward a fully automated factory.
Presentation Graphics: Adds life to the lectures.
-Automates the creation of visual aids for lectures, traininig sessions, sales demonstrations, and other presentation.
-Creates slide shows directly on computer monitors or LCD projectors, including still images, animation, and video clips.
Dynamic Media: Beyond the printed page
- Each frame of computer based animation is a computer displays these frames in rapid succession.
-Tweening: Instead of drawing each frame by hand, the animator can create key frames and objects and use software to help fill in the gaps.
- Many video digitizers can import signals from television, videotapes, videotapes, video cameras, and other
Dynamic Media:

-Many video digitizers can import signals from televisions, videotapes, video cameras, and otehr sources.

Signals are displayed on the computer's screen in real time-at the same time they're created or imported.

-Digital video cameras capture footage in digital form.

-Digital video can be copied, edited, stored, and played back without any loss of quality.

-Digital video will soon replace analog video for most applications.

-today most video editing is done using nonlinear editing technology.

- Video editing software: such a Adobe Premiere, makes it east to eliminate extraneous footage, combine clips from multiple takes, splice together scenes, create specific effects and perform a variety of other activities.

- Morphs: are video clips in which one image changes into another.

Data Compression: software and hardware are used to squeeze data out of movies so that they can be stored in smaller spaces.

Audio Digitizer: captures sound and stores it as a data file.

Synthesizer: an electric instrument that synthesizes sounds using mathematical formulas.

MIDI(Musical Instrument Digital Interface): standard interface that allows electronic instruments and computuers to communicate with each other.

- music is digitized in audio CD's at a high sampling rate and bit depth-high enough that its hard to tell the difference between the original analog sound and the final digital recording.

Multimedia computers can control a variety of electronic musical instruments and sound sources using MIDI

-MIDI commands can be interpreted by a variety of :

--> Music Synthesizers

--> Samplers

- A pinao-style keyboard sends MIDI signals to the computer

--> Computers interprets the MIDI commands using sequencing software.

-Sequencing software turns a computer into a musical composing, recording, and editing machine

-Electronica-music designed from the ground up with digital technology.

- users authorizing programs such as HyperStudio and MetaCard.

- Binds source documnets together to communicate with users in an aesthetically pleasing way.

Virtual Reality: combines virtual worlds with networking.

- IT places multiple participants in a virtual space.

-people see representations of each other, sometimes called avatars.