Wednesday, September 1, 2010

Chapter 2: The computers Core- The CPU and Memory

The CPU: The Real Computer
  • CPU ( Microprocessor)
  • Interprets and amd executes the instructions in each program.
  • Supervises arithmetic and logical data manipulations
  • Communicates with all other parts of the computer system indirectly through memory
  • An extraordinarily complex collection of electronic circuits.
  • Housed along with other chips and electronic components on the motherboard.

All software is not necessarily compatible with every CPU.

  • Software written for the PowerPc family of processors used in Macintosh computers won't run on Intel processors.
  • Programs written for Linux can't run on Windows. Both systems run on PC's powered by Intel's microprocessor
  • CPUs in the same family are generally designed to be backward compatible.
  • Newer processors can process all of the instructions handled by earlier models.

Performance:

  • Applications require faster machines to produce satisfactory result
  • A computer's overall performance is determined by:
  • Its microprocessor's internal clock speed. Measured in units called gigahertz (GHz) for billions of clock cycles per second.
  • The architecture and word size of the processor
  • High=end workstations and servers use 6-4 bit processors. Most Pc's and Macintoshes use 32-bit processors. Some embedded and special-purpose computers still use 8- and 16-bit processors.

Techniques for speeding up a computer's performance:
-Parallel processing
-Server clusters



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